diff --git a/docs/api-reference.md b/docs/api-reference.md
index dc708c0..f6323f3 100644
--- a/docs/api-reference.md
+++ b/docs/api-reference.md
@@ -1348,7 +1348,141 @@
 
 ---
 
-### 分类管理
+#### POST /admin/questions/import
+
+批量导入题目（JSON 格式，全有或全无策略）。
+
+**认证**: Admin Token
+
+**请求体**:
+```json
+{
+  "questions": [
+    {
+      "stem": { "text": "题目内容" },
+      "contentType": "text | image | video | audio",
+      "correctAnswer": "正确答案 (必填)",
+      "distractors": ["干扰项1", "干扰项2"],
+      "categoryId": "分类ID (必填)",
+      "difficulty": 3,
+      "knowledgeCard": {
+        "summary": "知识点摘要 (必填)",
+        "deepDive": "深入解析",
+        "sourceRef": "来源引用"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**参数说明**:
+| 字段 | 类型 | 必填 | 说明 |
+|------|------|------|------|
+| questions | array | 是 | 题目数组，1-200 条 |
+| questions[].stem | object | 是 | 题干，至少包含 text 字段 |
+| questions[].contentType | string | 是 | 内容类型：text/image/video/audio |
+| questions[].correctAnswer | string | 是 | 正确答案，至少1字符 |
+| questions[].distractors | string[] | 是 | 干扰项，至少2个 |
+| questions[].categoryId | string | 是 | 所属分类 ID |
+| questions[].difficulty | number | 否 | 难度 1-5 |
+| questions[].knowledgeCard | object | 否 | 知识点卡片 |
+| questions[].knowledgeCard.summary | string | 是* | 知识点摘要 |
+| questions[].knowledgeCard.deepDive | string | 否 | 深入解析 |
+| questions[].knowledgeCard.sourceRef | string | 否 | 来源引用 |
+
+**成功响应**:
+```json
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "data": {
+    "total": 10,
+    "succeeded": 10,
+    "ids": ["uuid1", "uuid2", "..."]
+  },
+  "error": null
+}
+```
+
+**校验失败响应 (400)**:
+```json
+{
+  "success": false,
+  "data": null,
+  "error": {
+    "code": "VALIDATION_FAILED",
+    "message": "部分题目校验失败",
+    "details": [
+      { "index": 2, "errors": ["distractors: 必须包含至少2个元素"] },
+      { "index": 5, "errors": ["categoryId: 必填字段"] }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+**说明**:
+- 导入的题目默认状态为 `draft`
+- 全有或全无：任一条目校验失败则全部不导入
+- 所有条目先校验完毕，再统一报告错误，最后才执行事务插入
+- 校验包含 categoryId 外键存在性检查：不存在的分类 ID 会触发 `VALIDATION_FAILED` 错误
+
+---
+
+#### POST /admin/questions/import-csv
+
+批量导入题目（CSV 格式，全有或全无策略）。
+
+**认证**: Admin Token
+
+**Content-Type**: `text/plain`
+
+**请求体**: CSV 文本，首行为表头
+
+**CSV 表头（固定列顺序）**:
+```
+categoryId,contentType,difficulty,stemText,correctAnswer,distractor1,distractor2,distractor3,distractor4,distractor5,cardSummary,cardDeepDive,cardSourceRef
+```
+
+**CSV 示例**:
+```csv
+categoryId,contentType,difficulty,stemText,correctAnswer,distractor1,distractor2,distractor3,distractor4,distractor5,cardSummary,cardDeepDive,cardSourceRef
+history,text,1,秦始皇统一六国是在哪一年？,公元前221年,公元前206年,公元前256年,公元前230年,,,秦始皇嬴政于公元前221年完成统一,建立了中国历史上第一个大一统王朝,《史记·秦始皇本纪》
+history,text,2,被称为'诗仙'的唐代诗人是谁？,李白,杜甫,白居易,王维,,李白是唐代最伟大的浪漫主义诗人,,
+```
+
+**列说明**:
+| 列名 | 必填 | 说明 |
+|------|------|------|
+| categoryId | 是 | 分类 ID |
+| contentType | 是 | text/image/video/audio |
+| difficulty | 否 | 难度 1-5，留空则不设置 |
+| stemText | 是 | 题目文本 |
+| correctAnswer | 是 | 正确答案 |
+| distractor1-5 | 至少填2个 | 干扰项，留空的列会被忽略 |
+| cardSummary | 否 | 知识点摘要（填则整行知识卡片必填 summary） |
+| cardDeepDive | 否 | 深入解析 |
+| cardSourceRef | 否 | 来源引用 |
+
+**成功/失败响应**: 与 JSON 导入相同格式。
+
+**说明**:
+- CSV 字段可用双引号包裹，支持字段内逗号和换行
+- 字段内的双引号用 `""` 表示
+- categoryId 外键存在性校验与 JSON 导入一致
+- 单次导入上限 200 条，超出返回 `VALIDATION_ERROR`
+
+**额外错误**:
+```json
+{
+  "success": false,
+  "data": null,
+  "error": {
+    "code": "CSV_PARSE_ERROR",
+    "message": "CSV 表头列数应为 13，实际 10"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
 
 #### GET /admin/categories
 
@@ -1655,6 +1789,8 @@
 | 代码 | 说明 |
 |------|------|
 | VALIDATION_ERROR | 请求参数验证失败 |
+| VALIDATION_FAILED | 批量导入中部分题目校验失败 |
+| CSV_PARSE_ERROR | CSV 解析失败（格式或表头不匹配） |
 | UNAUTHORIZED | 未认证或认证失败 |
 | FORBIDDEN | 权限不足（需要 super_admin） |
 | NOT_FOUND | 资源不存在 |
diff --git a/src/routes/admin/questions.ts b/src/routes/admin/questions.ts
index d90f06a..35a7d7b 100644
--- a/src/routes/admin/questions.ts
+++ b/src/routes/admin/questions.ts
@@ -16,6 +16,21 @@ const createQuestionSchema = z.object({
   }).optional(),
 });
 
+/** 单条导入项的校验 schema */
+const importItemSchema = createQuestionSchema;
+
+/** 导入数组 body schema */
+const importBodySchema = z.object({
+  questions: z.array(importItemSchema).min(1).max(200),
+});
+
+/** 用 Zod schema 校验单条数据，返回错误消息数组或 null */
+function validateImportItem(item: unknown): string[] | null {
+  const result = importItemSchema.safeParse(item);
+  if (result.success) return null;
+  return result.error.issues.map((iss) => `${iss.path.join('.')}: ${iss.message}`);
+}
+
 const updateQuestionSchema = z.object({
   stem: z.record(z.unknown()).optional(),
   contentType: z.enum(['text', 'image', 'video', 'audio']).optional(),
@@ -121,4 +136,67 @@ export async function adminQuestionsRoutes(app: FastifyInstance): Promise<void>
     const data = await questionService.batchArchive(parsed.data.ids);
     return { success: true, data, error: null };
   });
+
+  // ── 批量导入（JSON） ──
+  app.post('/import', async (request, reply) => {
+    const parsed = importBodySchema.safeParse(request.body);
+    if (!parsed.success) {
+      return reply.status(400).send({
+        success: false, data: null,
+        error: { code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR', message: parsed.error.issues[0]?.message },
+      });
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const data = await questionService.batchImportQuestions(parsed.data.questions, validateImportItem);
+      return { success: true, data, error: null };
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof Error && err.message === 'VALIDATION_FAILED') {
+        return reply.status(400).send({
+          success: false, data: null,
+          error: { code: 'VALIDATION_FAILED', message: '部分题目校验失败', details: (err as unknown as { errors: questionService.ImportError[] }).errors },
+        });
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  });
+
+  // ── 批量导入（CSV） ──
+  app.post('/import-csv', async (request, reply) => {
+    const csvText = typeof request.body === 'string' ? request.body : String(request.body ?? '');
+    if (!csvText.trim()) {
+      return reply.status(400).send({
+        success: false, data: null,
+        error: { code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR', message: 'CSV 内容不能为空' },
+      });
+    }
+
+    let items: questionService.ImportQuestionData[];
+    try {
+      items = questionService.parseCsv(csvText);
+    } catch (err) {
+      const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'CSV 解析失败';
+      return reply.status(400).send({ success: false, data: null, error: { code: 'CSV_PARSE_ERROR', message } });
+    }
+
+    if (items.length === 0) {
+      return reply.status(400).send({ success: false, data: null, error: { code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR', message: 'CSV 无有效数据行' } });
+    }
+    if (items.length > 200) {
+      return reply.status(400).send({ success: false, data: null, error: { code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR', message: `单次导入上限 200 条，当前 ${items.length} 条` } });
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const data = await questionService.batchImportQuestions(items, validateImportItem);
+      return { success: true, data, error: null };
+    } catch (err) {
+      if (err instanceof Error && err.message === 'VALIDATION_FAILED') {
+        return reply.status(400).send({
+          success: false, data: null,
+          error: { code: 'VALIDATION_FAILED', message: '部分题目校验失败', details: (err as unknown as { errors: questionService.ImportError[] }).errors },
+        });
+      }
+      throw err;
+    }
+  });
 }
diff --git a/src/services/admin/question-service.ts b/src/services/admin/question-service.ts
index f7e1cf8..81d19bc 100644
--- a/src/services/admin/question-service.ts
+++ b/src/services/admin/question-service.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,129 @@
 import { db } from '../../db/client.js';
-import { questions, knowledgeCards } from '../../db/schema.js';
+import { questions, knowledgeCards, categories } from '../../db/schema.js';
 import { eq, and, sql, inArray } from 'drizzle-orm';
 import { v4 as uuid } from 'uuid';
 
+/** 单条导入数据的输入结构 */
+export interface ImportQuestionData {
+  stem: unknown;
+  contentType: string;
+  correctAnswer: string;
+  distractors: unknown;
+  categoryId: string;
+  difficulty?: number;
+  knowledgeCard?: { summary: string; deepDive?: string; sourceRef?: string };
+}
+
+export interface ImportResult {
+  total: number;
+  succeeded: number;
+  ids: string[];
+}
+
+export interface ImportError {
+  index: number;
+  errors: string[];
+}
+
+/** CSV 列顺序定义 */
+const CSV_COLUMNS = [
+  'categoryId', 'contentType', 'difficulty', 'stemText',
+  'correctAnswer', 'distractor1', 'distractor2', 'distractor3',
+  'distractor4', 'distractor5', 'cardSummary', 'cardDeepDive', 'cardSourceRef',
+] as const;
+
+/**
+ * 解析 CSV 文本为题目数据数组
+ * - 首行为表头（必须匹配 CSV_COLUMNS）
+ * - 字段可用双引号包裹，支持内部逗号和换行
+ */
+export function parseCsv(csvText: string): ImportQuestionData[] {
+  const lines = splitCsvLines(csvText.trim());
+  if (lines.length < 2) throw new Error('CSV 至少需要表头行和一行数据');
+
+  const header = parseCsvRow(lines[0]!);
+  if (header.length !== CSV_COLUMNS.length) {
+    throw new Error(`CSV 表头列数应为 ${CSV_COLUMNS.length}，实际 ${header.length}`);
+  }
+  for (let i = 0; i < CSV_COLUMNS.length; i++) {
+    if (header[i] !== CSV_COLUMNS[i]) {
+      throw new Error(`CSV 表头第 ${i + 1} 列应为 "${CSV_COLUMNS[i]}"，实际 "${header[i]}"`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  const result: ImportQuestionData[] = [];
+  for (let i = 1; i < lines.length; i++) {
+    const fields = parseCsvRow(lines[i]!);
+    if (fields.length === 1 && fields[0] === '') continue; // 跳过空行
+
+    const distractors: string[] = [];
+    for (let d = 0; d < 5; d++) {
+      const val = fields[5 + d]?.trim();
+      if (val) distractors.push(val);
+    }
+
+    const difficultyStr = fields[2]?.trim();
+    const cardSummary = fields[10]?.trim();
+    const cardDeepDive = fields[11]?.trim();
+    const cardSourceRef = fields[12]?.trim();
+
+    result.push({
+      categoryId: fields[0] ?? '',
+      contentType: fields[1] ?? '',
+      ...(difficultyStr ? { difficulty: Number(difficultyStr) } : {}),
+      stem: { text: fields[3] ?? '' },
+      correctAnswer: fields[4] ?? '',
+      distractors,
+      ...(cardSummary ? { knowledgeCard: { summary: cardSummary, ...(cardDeepDive ? { deepDive: cardDeepDive } : {}), ...(cardSourceRef ? { sourceRef: cardSourceRef } : {}) } } : {}),
+    });
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/** 按 CSV 规则拆分多行（处理双引号内的换行） */
+function splitCsvLines(text: string): string[] {
+  const lines: string[] = [];
+  let current = '';
+  let inQuotes = false;
+  for (const ch of text) {
+    if (ch === '"') { inQuotes = !inQuotes; current += ch; }
+    else if ((ch === '\n' || ch === '\r') && !inQuotes) {
+      if (ch === '\r') { /* skip CR */ }
+      else { lines.push(current); current = ''; }
+    } else { current += ch; }
+  }
+  if (current) lines.push(current);
+  return lines;
+}
+
+/** 解析单行 CSV（处理双引号内的逗号和 "" 转义） */
+function parseCsvRow(line: string): string[] {
+  const fields: string[] = [];
+  let current = '';
+  let inQuotes = false;
+  let i = 0;
+  while (i < line.length) {
+    const ch = line[i]!;
+    const next = line[i + 1];
+    if (ch === '"' && next === '"' && inQuotes) {
+      current += '"';
+      i += 2;
+    } else if (ch === '"') {
+      inQuotes = !inQuotes;
+      i++;
+    } else if (ch === ',' && !inQuotes) {
+      fields.push(current);
+      current = '';
+      i++;
+    } else {
+      current += ch;
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+  fields.push(current);
+  return fields;
+}
+
 interface ListOptions {
   page?: number;
   limit?: number;
@@ -171,3 +292,87 @@ export async function batchPublish(ids: string[]): Promise<BatchResult> {
 export async function batchArchive(ids: string[]): Promise<BatchResult> {
   return batchUpdateStatus(ids, 'archived');
 }
+
+/**
+ * 批量导入题目（全有或全无策略）
+ * 1. 先校验所有条目
+ * 2. 全部通过后开启事务插入
+ * 3. 任一失败则全部回滚
+ */
+export async function batchImportQuestions(
+  items: ImportQuestionData[],
+  validate: (item: ImportQuestionData) => string[] | null,
+): Promise<ImportResult> {
+  // Phase 1: 先验校验所有条目
+  const errors: ImportError[] = [];
+  const validated: ImportQuestionData[] = [];
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+    const item = items[i]!;
+    const itemErrors = validate(item);
+    if (itemErrors && itemErrors.length > 0) {
+      errors.push({ index: i, errors: itemErrors });
+    } else {
+      validated.push(item);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (errors.length > 0) {
+    throw Object.assign(new Error('VALIDATION_FAILED'), { errors });
+  }
+
+  // Phase 1.5: 校验 categoryId 外键存在性
+  const uniqueCategoryIds = [...new Set(validated.map((item) => item.categoryId))];
+  if (uniqueCategoryIds.length > 0) {
+    const existing = await db.select({ id: categories.id })
+      .from(categories)
+      .where(inArray(categories.id, uniqueCategoryIds));
+    const validCategoryIds = new Set(existing.map((c) => c.id));
+
+    const categoryErrors: ImportError[] = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < items.length; i++) {
+      const item = items[i]!;
+      if (!validCategoryIds.has(item.categoryId)) {
+        categoryErrors.push({ index: i, errors: [`categoryId "${item.categoryId}" 不存在`] });
+      }
+    }
+    if (categoryErrors.length > 0) {
+      throw Object.assign(new Error('VALIDATION_FAILED'), { errors: categoryErrors });
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Phase 2: 事务插入
+  const ids = await db.transaction(async (tx) => {
+    const insertedIds: string[] = [];
+
+    for (const item of validated) {
+      const id = uuid();
+      await tx.insert(questions).values({
+        id,
+        stem: item.stem,
+        contentType: item.contentType as 'text',
+        correctAnswer: item.correctAnswer,
+        distractors: item.distractors,
+        categoryId: item.categoryId,
+        difficulty: item.difficulty,
+        status: 'draft',
+      });
+
+      if (item.knowledgeCard) {
+        await tx.insert(knowledgeCards).values({
+          id: uuid(),
+          questionId: id,
+          summary: item.knowledgeCard.summary,
+          deepDive: item.knowledgeCard.deepDive ?? null,
+          sourceRef: item.knowledgeCard.sourceRef ?? null,
+        });
+      }
+
+      insertedIds.push(id);
+    }
+
+    return insertedIds;
+  });
+
+  return { total: items.length, succeeded: ids.length, ids };
+}